The Opium Wars

badly hooked by the early 1800's. It The opium War also known as the Anglo Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1850 to 1860. The Opium war a a climax between the Qing dynasty and the United Kingdom and Ireland. British smuggling of Opium from British India into china in defiance of China's drug laws erupted into open warfare between Britain and China. Opium is a preparation made from the juice of poppy seedpods, and used to produce heroin. The drug was mainly produced in and shipped from the east indies to china by British merchants. This addictive drug was had gotten many Chinesewasn't always a addictive drug to China, it used to be a medicine in which they used to cure diseases, this happened in the 15Th century. it was used to cure diseases such as dysentery,cholera, as well as diarrhea.

In the movie "Mountains Of The Moon", there were many hardships in traveling to Africa.One thing that was a problem to the Europeans was that they had to travel through scorching desserts. They had no food and no water. When they found a lake, they thought there problems of water was over, but later on they found out that the lake was contagious and if they drank it they would later die of the disease. Another thing is that since a lot of the people that drank out of the lake, they died or got very weak and unable to work. So the Europeans lost many of their men and they couldn't carry everything they wanted to Africa.The technological advances that the Europeans had over the Africans was the guns. The Europeans had guns and the Africans only had spears.

Many years later, after the two Europeans,Richard Burton and John Speke returned from Africa, other Europeans returned to Africa but this time with machine guns.And people in Africa still had spears and shields that were made out of wood. And because Europeans came back with machine guns, they were easily able to conquer Africa.The source of the Nile river, Queen Victoria, was named that way because Queen Victoria was ruler of a different country and they named the river in Africa after her. That's what strange about the name of that river.

The Mejii Restoration Of Japan

The Meiji Restoration was a point in place when Japan started a trade with the united states. The Japanese had no reason to trade with the U.S but a man names Mathew Perry convinced them otherwise. The negotiations between Mathew Perry and japan was not so negotiable. When Mathew brougt his ship and anchored it about 26 miles from Tokyo, the japanese were impressed by the way that the ship's movement without any sails. At first, Perry was not there to impress them, he wanted to intimadate them with the U.S techonoligical advances. The impressive naval force that Perry bought was far more superior than the Japanese warships. This left Japan with options, one was either to fight them or negotiate with them. Seeing the ships, they knew they didnt have a chance to win, so they went with the other choice.

On March 31,1854 a treaty was signed between the United States and Japan that effectively opened two ports to the United States and acted as a catalyst towards Japanese subordanation. Over the next few years the major European players would follow suit and establish their own treaties with Japan.

Karl Marx And Communism

Communism is different from socialism so do not get them confused.Communism is when people believe of being the same. Socialism is when the government believes in power,money above everything. The richest get the best things and become richer and the poor just become poorer and do not get good things. The problem with communism is that it becomes dictorial. The government will force everyone to get paid the same . A doctor will be paid the same as a garbage man, a lawyer will get paid the same as a teacher. Not everybody wants that,not the people that believe in socialism.

Karl Marx was the founder of communism.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar was one of the most famous South America's greatest generals. He is most famous for his victories over the Spaniards. Liberating Bolivia,Panama,Colombia,Ecuador,Peru and Venezuela. He is also known as "The George Washington of South America".Simon was born in July 24,1783, at Caracas Venezuela. His parents died when he was a child.The thing that influenced Simon Bolivar was him traveling around the world and seeing that the U.S had just won it's independence from Great Britain. He thought that it was about time that his country should also gain it's independence from Spain. He felt that he was destined to be the leader of this movement. In 1810 Bolivar joined Francisco de Miranda in a revolt against the Spanish.

Robespierre And the Reign Of Terror

The reign of terror was a period of violence that occurred fifteen months after the onset of the french revolution. Many people where killed during this period, from numbers ranging from 16,000 to 40,000. Out of all these people, about 8 percent was aristocrats, 6 percent clergy, 14 percent middle class and 70 percent peasants and workers. The way that people died during the Reign of terror was with the Guillotine.A instrument that cuts of the head of people very quickly. King Louis the 16Th was killed this way. Maximilian Robespierre was a great influence during the reign of terror. He was instrumental in the period of the revolution and the reign of terror which he ended followed with his arrest and his death.

Robespierre believed that the Terror was a time of discovering and revealing the enemy within Paris, within France, the enemy that hid in the safety of apparent patriotism.On July 24 1794,Robespierre was accused of tyranny, barred from speaking at the National Convention, and was placed under arrest along with several key supporters. Althouth these captives were later rescued by the soldiers loyal to the commune of paris, the convention later ordered the National Guard to move to re-capture Robespierre who subsquently recieved a bullet shot to his lower jaw. On July 28Th Robespierre and with his closests companions

The French Revolution

1)People back then in France where very critical about these three things,nobility,clergy and King, because they all wanted to stay on top of everything. They didn't want the peasants





2)A French peasant would've have grumbled about not having enough animals to give to the king. Since they where the lowest class, they had many problems paying taxes to the king.
3)The caption shows all the three estates, the clergy,the king and the others. Since the others are the lowest class, the clergy and the king are above them. They both can outvote the others. The sentence that is under the caption says that one day, hopefully this will all be over. The peasants will one day above from all and have equal power.
4) The writer is explaining how the lives of the peasants where bad. They had to pay most of the taxes and the way that the king is treating them, the taxes will crush them. They have very little to give.
5) The sources A,B and C explain why the peasants would hate the rich. Even without it being written on it. You can tell why.
6)Rousseau would most influence the poor people because since Rousseau is writing about democracy, the poor people would agree with him because they are the lowest of the class.They want to be treated equal,have equal power and have equal rights that everybody above them have.
7)The pamphlet may have been banned because maybe the people with greater class than the peasants didn't like it. The king probably doesn't believe in everybody having equal power. The king wants to rule everybody and wanst to be on top of everything. The clergy probably belives in that too since they are not at the bottom of the classes.

John Locke and "The Enlightment"

The declaration of Independence has rights that consents to all the people of America. John Locke influenced Thomas Jefferson to write his opinions on The Declaration Of Independence. Most of the rights and things that are written on the Declaration of Independence comes from John Locke. The rights that Jefferson wrote on it was life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness. And also if any form of government becomes destructive,it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.According to The Declaration Of Independence, the government comes from us,the people. The government gets it's power from us. If we don't like the way the government is we can change the way it is because we have the power. John Locke also says that all men are created equal, so to back that up, John influenced Jefferson to give everybody the same rights, giving everybody equal power over the government.

Copernicus and the trial of Galileo

The two theories, Heliocentric and Geocentric, were believed by many philosophers back then in the 16Th hundreds. The two most popular philosophers were Pythagorean who supported the Geocentric theory and Copernicus who supported the Heliocentric idea. The geocentric idea is the concept that believes that the earth is in the middle of the universe and that all other planets and stars are moving around it. If one person is to stand and look at the sky, it looks like earth is moving and everything is just staying in place until 24 hours pass by.

The heliocentric theory is the theory that believed that the sun is the middle of the solar system.
heliocentric was opposed to the geocentric theory. It was not until the 16Th hundreds that a philosopher, Copernicus,presented a fully predictive mathematical model of a heliocentric system.

Scientific Revolution:The Scientific Method

Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for acquiring new knowledge. The person who made this method was Ibn-al Haytham.A lot of scientific methods where used from the ancient Egyptians or from the bible.The first experimental scientific method was developed by Muslim scientists. One experiment that was used by using the scientific method was when scientists thought that the earth was the center of the universe. They thought that the other planets and stars(including the sun) was revolving around the earth. The scientists thought that the earth was still and never moved but later on it was proved wrong. The first scientist to challenge this theory was Copernicus. He proved that the earth was not the planet that was staying still but actually it was the sun that stayed still and the sun's binding force is what is keeping everything in the universe together. He was one of the people who used the scientific method.

Creation Vs.Evolution

Creation is based on faith and religion. Evolution is based on facts and information.In creation,many people believe that the earth an all that live in it were created by God.Creation is a religious based concept that comes from the bible. In the bible it says that God created earth in 7 days. It says that on the first day, God created light and it's separation from darkness. The religion concept d0esn't use facts, so there was no way to prove this. Instead of saying that the actual animals and plants, and all living forms that are present today where created through a process of survival based on adaptation and evolution etc., instead, they believe that they were just made the way they are ( meaning no changes ever).They didn't believe they were made from single-cell organism.


Evolution is the second ( actually the most accepted nowadays) theory that people believe in. Scientists proved this with many facts and information( through the use of the scientific method). A theory in which it proves that everything on earth had a certain way of evolving throughout the years. Unlike the theory of creation, scientists don't believe that earth was created in 7 days. They believe that all started from the big bang, where all the basic elements like oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, necessary in the formation of the most simple forms of life up to the origin of mammals, which took over between 14-15 billion years ago, and the humans where created about 50,000 years ago. Scientists say that the animals,birds and plants, evolved from a similar ancestor. There are facts to prove this.

The theory that I believe in,out of these two, is evolution. The reason I believe in this theory is because they have facts and information to prove this. Religion only has there imagination but no proof. For example,people that believe in the creation theory say that if you fall off a plane,God can control the fall. Scientists say that if you fall, gravity is going to pull you down. Since they have proof that gravity exists, most people go with the scientist say. And that is why I chose to go with the facts instead of believing.